High-Purity Cofactors for Enzyme & Metabolic Research

High-purity enzyme cofactors including NAD+, NADP+, FAD, CoA, ATP, vitamin-derived cofactors, and metal ion supplements for metabolic assays, enzyme kinetics, biochemical pathway studies, and diagnostic reagent manufacturing. These essential enzyme cofactors are manufactured to rigorous purity standards with full analytical documentation and reliable global supply.

⚡ Fast Worldwide Shipping 📊 COA & Full Test Data 🔨 Bulk & Custom Packaging 🏆 ISO-Quality Standards

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What Are Cofactors?

Enzyme cofactors are non-protein chemical compounds required for an enzyme's catalytic activity. These cofactors bind to enzymes (either transiently as cosubstrates or tightly as prosthetic groups) and participate directly in the chemical reaction, often by transferring electrons, atoms, or functional groups. Without enzyme cofactors, many enzymes — including dehydrogenases, kinases, oxidases, and transferases — are catalytically inactive.

At ACUBIOCHEM, we supply a comprehensive range of nucleotide cofactors (NAD+, NADH, NADP+, NADPH, FAD, FMN, ATP, ADP, GTP), coenzyme A derivatives (CoA, acetyl-CoA, malonyl-CoA, succinyl-CoA), vitamin-derived cofactors (thiamine pyrophosphate, pyridoxal phosphate, biotin, tetrahydrofolate, cobalamin), and metal ion cofactors for diverse enzymatic applications. We also offer stable isotope-labeled cofactors for metabolomics and stable isotope tracing studies.

"The purity and stability of your cofactor directly affect enzyme activity and assay reproducibility. Our cofactors are manufactured under strict quality control to ensure consistent performance batch after batch, with low residual salt and moisture content for accurate weighing."

Whether you need off-the-shelf catalog compounds or custom-synthesized derivatives for your specific research application, our team supports you from compound selection through scale-up and bulk supply.

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Cofactor

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Enzyme

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Catalysis

Essential tools for metabolic pathway research

Cofactor Classes & Metabolic Pathways

Our cofactor portfolio covers all major chemical classes essential for enzyme catalysis and metabolic research. Explore the cofactor families, biological roles, and key pathways below.

⚡ Nucleotide Cofactors

Adenine nucleotide-based cofactors that mediate electron transfer and phosphoryl group transfer in cellular metabolism and energy production. Essential for dehydrogenase assays, redox cycling, and kinase activity measurements.

NAD+ / NADH NADP+ / NADPH FAD / FMN Redox Reactions Metabolic Assays

🧬 Coenzyme A Derivatives

Thiol-containing cofactors that carry and transfer acyl groups in central metabolism, lipid synthesis, and post-translational modification. Key substrates for studying fatty acid oxidation, TCA cycle flux, and histone acetylation.

CoA / Acetyl-CoA Acyl Group Transfer Fatty Acid Metabolism TCA Cycle Epigenetics

🧋 Vitamin-Derived Cofactors

Cofactors derived from vitamins that mediate specific chemical transformations including decarboxylation, transamination, carboxylation, and one-carbon transfer. Critical for amino acid metabolism, nucleotide synthesis, and epigenetic methylation.

TPP / PLP Biotin Tetrahydrofolate Transamination One-Carbon Metabolism

⚙ Metal Ion Cofactors

Inorganic cofactors and tightly bound prosthetic groups that participate in catalysis, electron transfer, and structural stabilization of enzymes. Essential for metalloenzyme studies including kinases, phosphatases, nucleases, and oxidoreductases.

Mg2+ / Zn2+ Fe2+ / Fe3+ Cu+ / Cu2+ Metalloenzymes Electron Transport

Common Research Applications

Our cofactors power critical workflows across life science research and biotechnology.

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Enzyme Kinetics & Mechanism

Michaelis-Menten studies, inhibitor screening, cofactor dependency assays, and enzyme characterization with defined cofactor concentrations

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Metabolic Assays & Quantification

Colorimetric and fluorometric assays for metabolite quantification, pathway flux analysis, NAD+/NADH ratio measurement, and metabolic profiling

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Diagnostic Reagent Manufacturing

Key components in clinical chemistry assays (ALT, AST, LDH, glucose, cholesterol), ELISA systems, and point-of-care diagnostic test kits

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Biotechnology & Industrial Biocatalysis

Cofactor regeneration systems, metabolic engineering, cell-free protein synthesis, and industrial biocatalysis for sustainable chemical production

Why Researchers Choose ACUBIOCHEM

Rigorously validated cofactors you can trust for reproducible research.

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High Purity

≥95% purity verified by HPLC and UV, with low residual salt and moisture for accurate weighing and consistent enzyme activity

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Stable Formulations

Lyophilized or stabilized solutions with validated shelf-life, storage conditions, and reconstitution protocols specified on every COA

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Full Documentation

Certificate of Analysis, HPLC trace, molecular weight confirmation by MS, solubility data, and enzyme activity verification where applicable

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Flexible Quantities

From research-scale mg to bulk kg quantities, with custom packaging, lot reservation, and dedicated quality docs for diagnostic manufacturers

Frequently Asked Questions

Answers to common questions about our cofactors, ordering, and technical support.

What purity standards do your cofactors meet? +

Our cofactors typically meet ≥95% purity as verified by HPLC and UV spectroscopy. Nucleotide cofactors (NAD+, NADP+, ATP) are tested for residual nucleotide impurities, and coenzyme A derivatives are verified for free thiol content. Each product ships with a Certificate of Analysis (COA) detailing exact purity, moisture content, and test results. For custom synthesis or diagnostic-grade requirements, higher purity specifications are available upon request.

How should cofactors be stored and reconstituted? +

Most cofactors are shipped lyophilized and should be stored at −20°C in the dark upon receipt. NADH and NADPH are particularly light-sensitive and prone to oxidation. We recommend reconstituting in the appropriate buffer (typically pH 7–8 for nucleotides, avoid acidic conditions for NADH) immediately before use and aliquoting to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Detailed storage, solubility, and stability information is provided with every order and on each product page.

Do you offer stable isotope-labeled cofactors? +

Yes. We offer ¹³C-, ¹⁵N-, and ²H-labeled cofactors including ¹³C₅-NAD+, ¹³C₁₀-ATP, uniformly labeled ¹³C-glucose-derived metabolites, and deuterated NADH for metabolomics, stable isotope tracing (SIRM), and flux analysis studies. Custom labeled cofactors with specific isotope positions and enrichment levels can be synthesized upon request. Contact our technical team for availability and pricing.

Can you provide bulk quantities for diagnostic manufacturing? +

Absolutely. We supply cofactors in bulk quantities (gram to kilogram scale) for diagnostic reagent manufacturers, biotechnology companies, and industrial biocatalysis applications. Custom packaging, lot reservation, dedicated quality documentation (including TSE/BSE statements for animal-derived materials), and regulatory support are available. We also offer cofactor regeneration systems (e.g., NAD+ regeneration via glucose dehydrogenase) for cost-effective biocatalysis. Contact our sales team for a bulk quote and lead time information.

What is the difference between NAD+, NADH, NADP+, and NADPH? +

NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) and its reduced form NADH are primarily involved in catabolic reactions (cellular respiration, β-oxidation, TCA cycle), accepting electrons from oxidation reactions and feeding them into the electron transport chain. NADP+ and NADPH differ by an additional phosphate group on the 2'-position of the adenosine ribose, and are primarily involved in anabolic reactions (lipid synthesis, nucleotide synthesis) and antioxidant defense (via glutathione reductase). The choice depends on your specific enzyme and pathway. Our technical team can help you select the appropriate cofactor and assay conditions for your experiment.

Do you offer cofactor regeneration systems? +

Yes. We provide both individual enzymes and pre-assembled cofactor regeneration systems for cost-effective biocatalysis and in vitro metabolic assays. Common systems include: NAD+ regeneration via lactate dehydrogenase (with pyruvate) or glucose dehydrogenase (with glucose); NADPH regeneration via glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; ATP regeneration via creatine kinase/creatine phosphate or pyruvate kinase/PEP. These systems significantly reduce the amount of expensive cofactor needed in preparative-scale biocatalysis. Contact our technical team for system design and optimization support.

Need a Custom Cofactor or Bulk Quote?

Our biochemistry team and technical support are ready to help you select the right cofactor, source a custom derivative or labeled compound, or arrange bulk supply for your assay development or manufacturing process.

Request Custom Synthesis Contact Technical Support